Physics – improving radiotherapy treatments
In the past, radiotherapy techniques used to treat various cancers have meant long and painful sessions for the patients, with potentially severe side-effects. Research into improved and more effective treatments is, although under-funded, very much in need for the benefit of cancer patients.
Because X-rays have to pass through normal organs and tissues in the body en route to their cancer target, some collateral damage may occur. A current major limitation in radiotherapy is respiratory movement, which is particularly relevant in the treatment of lung cancer. To track tumour movement, we are using the Calypso® System™ to follow the motion of the target in real time.
This system emits radiofrequency waves, which through the use of radiobeacons implanted in the affected organ, allow for a very accurate alignment of the organ for receiving radiation treatment and therefore less impact on healthy tissues. We are the first centre in the UK to use this technique (for prostate cancers) and, even though this work is in its infancy, we are now leading research on adapting this promising technique for lung and bowel cancers.
Other current research at the ICR focuses on Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), a new technique whereby the shape of the radiation beam, its brightness and the speed of rotation can be varied as it rotates around the patient. Studies have shown that VMAT has an improved treatment time for most tumour sites compared with other radiation therapies.
This translates to a greater patient throughput – vital in all cancer treatment economies – and may also lead to the generation of fewer secondary cancers compared with other therapies. Our team will be pioneering techniques both to plan and deliver VMAT.
If you are interested in supporting our work in advancing radiation therapy, please contact us.
